![]() ![]() Instruction should take into account the wide range of different backgrounds of learners learning materials and activities should allow for different levels/types of previous experience with computers.Instruction should be task-oriented instead of promoting memorization - learning activities should be in the context of common tasks to be performed by the others.There is a need to explain the reasons specific things are being taught (e.g., certain commands, functions, operations, etc.).Knowles (1984) provides an example of applying andragogy principles to the design of personal computer training: As a result his/her orientation toward learning shifts from one of subject- centeredness to one of problem centeredness.Īs a person matures the motivation to learn is internal ( Knowles 1984:12).Īpplication of Andragogy in Personal Computer Training In 1984, Knowles added the 5th assumption.Īs a person matures his/her self concept moves from one of being a dependent personality toward one of being a self-directed human being.Īs a person matures he/she accumulates a growing reservoir of experience that becomes an increasing resource for learning.Īs a person matures his/her readiness to learn becomes oriented increasingly to the developmental tasks of his/her social roles.Īs a person matures his/her time perspective changes from one of postponed application of knowledge to immediacy of application. In 1980, Knowles made 4 assumptions about the characteristics of adult learners ( andragogy) that are different from the assumptions about child learners (pedagogy). However, it should be noted that the term pedagogy has been used since the Ancient Greek times, while Alexander Kapp, a German educator, first used the term andragogy in 1833. Andragogy in Greek means man-leading in comparison to pedagogy, which in Greek means child-leading. The term andragogy can be supposedly equivalent to the term pedagogy. According to Malcolm Knowles, andragogy is the art and science of adult learning, thus andragogy refers to any form of adult learning. Malcolm Shepherd Knowles (1913 – 1997) was an American educator well known for the use of the term Andragogy as synonymous to adult education. ![]()
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